Phobia Anxiety Disorders


 DEFINITION: 

According to DSM-5, it is defined as marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable, cued by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation (e.g., flying, heights, animals, receiving an injection, seeing blood).

TYPES: 

1.Simple or Specific phobia 

2.Social phobia 

3.Agarophobia 

1.Simple or Specific phobia: 

●It consists of of and acrophobia (fear of height), hematophobia (fear of blood), claustrophobic (fear of confined spaces), algophobia (Fear of physical pain), gamophobia (fear of marriage).

●It is a phobia of any particular situation or stimulus 

● Signs and symptoms are as: 

◇ Irrational or persistent fear of objects or situations.

◇ Immediate anxeity upon contact with feared objects. 

◇ Loss of control or panic response 

◇ Negative impact on work places. 

2. Social phobia: 

● Irrational fear of performing activities in presence of other people. 

● Signs and symptoms: 

◇ Hypervantilation

◇ Cold and clumsy hands 

◇ Sweating and blushing 

◇ Palpitations

◇ Confusion 

◇ Gastrointestinal symptoms 

◇ fear of embarrassment

3.Agarophobia: 

● Fear of being in place away from familiar setting of home. 

● Signs and symptoms: 

◇ Fear of public spaces.

◇ Deep concern that help might not be present. 

◇ Embarassment in public.

◇ Panic like situation.

CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS: 

● Past incidence or traumas.

● Learned response.

● Genetics.

● Long term stress.

DIAGONSIS:

● DSM-5 Symptoms 

● ECG 

● Physical examination 

● Psychological examination

TREATMENT: 

●Medications; 

◇Antidepressants:

Antidepressants are often prescribed to help reduce anxiety. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are most often prescribed to treat anxiety, social phobia or panic disorder. These can include:

Escitalopram (Cipralex)

sertraline (Lustral)

paroxetine (Seroxat)

◇Tranquillisers 

Benzodiazepines are a group of medicines that are categorised as minor tranquillisers.

● Psychotherapies: 

◇ Cognitive  therapy. 

◇ Behavioral therapy.

◇ Panic management therapy.








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